Abacus of collapse mechanisms of churches, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-b-3b_collapse mechanism in the plane of the facade

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, the current prayer hall was part of ِAleppo's Byzantine cathedral

Al-Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, the current prayer hall was part of ِAleppo’s Byzantine cathedral

Rubble field of minaret: 3D VR modell, (screencapture from sketchfab VRplayer), Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo

Aleppo-Minaret-of-Great-Mosque_3D-Model_Iconem_s

Great Umayyad mosque and Madrasa al-Hallawiyya, Aleppo: drone photograph

1512_D.SH_2314428_Madinat-Halab-al-Qadima-05_s

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, siteplan of the building parts (English)

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, siteplan of the building parts (English)

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, siteplan of the building parts (Arabic)

Waqf of Ibshir Mustafa Pasha, siteplan of the building parts (Arabic)

Carved and ornamented stone, 1st category remains, from portal of Ujkhan, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.18_1st category, carved and ornamented stone

Carved and ornamented masonry, 1st category remains, in portal of Ujkhan, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.18-b_securing fallen remains

Interior view of dome and damages, al-Utrush mosque, tomb, Aleppo, Syria

Room with code P02.L00.01.01_cx

Ablaq (bicolor) masonry, 2nd category remains, in portal of ʿUlabiyya Khan, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.19_Ablaq masonry, 2nd category

Rubble management, removal of rubble stones, Frauenkirche (church), Dresden, Germany

Fig.36_using a walking excavator to remove rubble

Rubble management result, façade with integrated original stones, Frauenkirche (church), Dresden, Germany

Fig.40_Façade after reconstruction with integrated original stones

Previous state 1995, main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41_View with ornamental details, spolia, and a coat of arms

Covering rubble infill, protective tarpaulin of outer walls, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.43_Protective tarpaulin of outer walls

Collapse of a façade, by overturning, favored by cracking in wall plane, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-c_Collapse of a façade

Al-Madrasa al-ʿUmariyya al-Kubra - view from the south

Al-Madrasa al-ʿUmariyya al-Kubra – view from the south

Mausoleum of ash-Shaykh Khalid an-Naqishbandi

Mausoleum of ash-Shaykh Khalid an-Naqishbandi

Simulation of collapse of a façade, lines of vulnerability, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.17-a_Simulation of-lines of vulnerability

Rubble field of minaret: 3D scan from drone video, (screencapture from YouTube video), Great Umayyad Mosque of Aleppo

Fig.02_3D-scanning-Great-Mosque-of-Aleppo_Iconem-Agha-Khan-Trust-for-Culture_11

Rubble management, measurement work of rubble field, Frauenkirche (church), Dresden, Germany

Fig.11_measurement (survey) of rubble field

Rubble management, design of a geodetic grid over rubble heap, Frauenkirche (church), Dresden, Germany

Fig.09_geodetic grid over rubble heap

Drawing of geodetic grid over geometry of accumulated rubble, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.10_geodetic grid over rubble heap

Rubble management, execution of an geodetic grid over rubble heap, Frauenkirche (church), Dresden, Germany

Fig.08_execution of an geodetic grid over rubble heap

View towards souteast, rubble in the couryard, after partial collapse of Bayt Ghazala (house), Aleppo, Syria

Fig.07_view at rubble

Survey of geometry of accumulated rubble, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.04-c_Contour lines of a digital terrain model

Survey of geometry of accumulated rubble, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.04-b_contour lines over rectified photograph

Survey of geometry of accumulated rubble, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.04_measurable rectified drone photography

Survey of geometry of accumulated rubble, San Salvatore a Campi, Perugia, Italy

Fig.03_section drawings of rubble, with orthographic photography

Reconstruction (drawing) of the missing part of the main façade of the fortified tower north of Bab Antakiya, Aleppo, Syria

Fig.41-b_Marking missing stones after partial collapse

Rubble management, removal of rubble infill between stones within one geodetic grid field, Frauenkirche (church), Dresden, Germany

Fig.44_removal of rubble infill, using a suction tube